The progression to become a medical doctor (MD) in the U.S. typically follows these steps:
### 1. Undergraduate Education
- **Duration**: 4 years
- **Requirements**: A bachelor's degree, typically with a focus on pre-medical courses such as biology, chemistry, physics, and math.
### 2. Medical College Admission Test (MCAT)
- **Purpose**: Standardized test required for admission to medical schools.
- **Content**: Assesses problem-solving, critical thinking, and knowledge of natural, behavioral, and social science concepts.
### 3. Medical School
- **Duration**: 4 years
- **Years 1-2**: Preclinical years focusing on classroom and laboratory instruction in the basic medical sciences.
- **Years 3-4**: Clinical years involving rotations in various medical specialties such as internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, and obstetrics/gynecology.
### 4. United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE)
- **Step 1**: Taken after the second year of medical school, covering basic medical sciences.
- **Step 2 (CK and CS)**: Clinical Knowledge (CK) and Clinical Skills (CS), taken during the fourth year of medical school.
- **Step 3**: Taken during residency, assessing the ability to practice medicine independently.
### 5. Residency Training
- **Duration**: 3-7 years, depending on the specialty.
- **Focus**: Hands-on training in a specific field of medicine under supervision.
### 6. Board Certification
- **Requirements**: Passing an examination in the chosen specialty after completing residency.
- **Purpose**: Certifies that a physician has met the professional standards of a specialty board.
### 7. Fellowship Training (Optional)
- **Duration**: 1-3 years, depending on the subspecialty.
- **Purpose**: Additional training in a subspecialty after completing residency.
### 8. Continuous Medical Education
- **Purpose**: Required to maintain licensure and stay current with medical advancements.
### Summary
- **Total Duration**: Typically 11-15 years post-secondary education and training (4 years undergraduate + 4 years medical school + 3-7 years residency).
- **Licensure**: Requires passing the USMLE exams and meeting state-specific requirements.