unfortunately guys only have few clothing options. ill give you general guidelines to dress like a sharp man.
first, wear whatever you are comfortable in. if you arent comfortable, it will show easily and you will lack confidence. the jacket you posted is too casual for a night out i think, but if you love to wear it, who cares?
you can tuck in your shirt (if you dont already) as a lot of guys dont. its a much cleaner look for going out and you wont look sloppy. if your jeans are long/baggy/loose at the bottom, have them hemmed/altered for $10. i dont recommend relaxed jeans for going out - go with a leaner look with a slim fit jean (note: not skinny). if your shirts are loose, have them altered at the chest/waist/arms, etc.
the fit of your clothes is more important than the clothes themselves, in most cases.
if you are tired of jeans, get some chinos in light grey, charcoal grey, navy blue, black, bronze, and olive - these are the staples. beige/khaki is boring.
women are quick to notice watches, so you may want to invest in a nice one if you like them. there are tons of options for straps as well (get a watch with a 22mm or 24mm band - anything smaller or larger will look just that - too small or too large), which will be noticed if they are color coordinated to what you are wearing.
you can also wear a blazer, scarf, or other accessory(ies) to help you stand out from the crowd. wear leather sole dress shoes - standard oxfords, derbys, wingtips, captoes, chukkas, etc - there are tons of choices these days for men in all sorts of colors, leathers, suedes, canvas, etc. the types i mentioned are all classics and staples. over time, get a pair of each in black and brown and rotate them into your wardrobe.
remember that quality and fit is most important. invest wisely in your clothing and it will last you a decade or more.
also get a GREAT haircut. this makes a huge difference in the way you look as it frames your face. go to a salon and pay good money - $40-60 - to get your hair styled. afterwards, take pictures from a lot of angles and have your regular person (if they can do it) copy the style the next time around.