Road Demon
Senior Don Juan
Drum & Bass:
Clinical studies[1][84][85][86]indicate that the ingested ratio of ω−6 to ω−3 (especially Linoleic vs Alpha Linolenic) fatty acids is important to maintaining cardiovascular health.
Both ω−3 and ω−6 fatty acids are essential, i.e. humans must consume them in the diet. ω−3 and ω−6 compete for the same metabolic enzymes, thus the ω−6:ω−3 ratio will significantly influence the ratio of the ensuing eicosanoids (hormones), (e.g. prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes etc.), and will alter the body's metabolic function.[87]Generally, grass-fed animals accumulate more ω−3 than do grain-fed animals which accumulate relatively more ω−6. Metabolites of ω−6 are significantly more inflammatory (esp. arachidonic acid) than those of ω−3. This necessitates that ω−3 and ω−6 be consumed in a balanced proportion; healthy ratios of ω−6:ω−3 range from 1:1 to 4:1.[88][89] Studies suggest that the evolutionary human diet, rich in seafood and other sources of ω−3, may have provided such a ratio.[84][90] recommend daily intakes of three ω−3 forms: 650 mg of EPA and DHA, and 2.22 grams of ALA, and one ω−6 form: 4.44 grams of LA. This translates to a 3:2 ω−6 to ω−3 ratio. (i.e. 1.5:1)
Typical Western diets provide ratios of between 10:1 and 30:1 - i.e., dramatically skewed toward ω−6.[91] Here are the ratios of ω−6 to ω−3 fatty acids in some common oils: canola 2:1, soybean 7:1, olive 3–13:1, sunflower (no ω−3), flax 1:3[92] cottonseed (almost no ω−3), peanut (no ω−3), grapeseed oil (almost no ω−3) and corn oil 46 to 1 ratio of ω−6 to ω−3.[93] It should be noted that olive, peanut and canola oils consist of approximately 80% monounsaturated fatty acids, (i.e. neither ω−6 nor ω−3) meaning that they contain relatively small amounts of ω−3 and ω−6 fatty acids. Consequently, the ω−6 to ω−3 ratios for these oils (i.e. olive, canola and peanut oils) are not as significant as they are for corn, soybean and sunflower oils.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omega-3_fatty_acid
Took 2 seconds, right from WIKI. Didn't even need to both to post links to the several comphrensive review articles or the primary paper.
Both Omen and Throttle were suggesting this answer.
Quote by Drum&Bass "thats fine if you've always had a good immune system but taking in a lot of fish oil reduces how effective it is. I don't wanna say weaken, but its pretty much the same effect. Lots of fish oil has the same effect of weakening the immune system."
What exactly does that mean? Suggestion that you read the chapter on immune function in Campbell General Undegraduate BiologyTextbook or similar. Focus in on cytokines...
Googled: omega3 and cytokines. first entry:
Omega-3 fatty acids in inflammation and autoimmune diseases.Simopoulos AP.
The Center for Genetics, Nutrition and Health, Washington, DC 20009, USA. cgnh@bellatlantic.net
Among the fatty acids, it is the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) which possess the most potent immunomodulatory activities, and among the omega-3 PUFA, those from fish oil-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)--are more biologically potent than alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). Some of the effects of omega-3 PUFA are brought about by modulation of the amount and types of eicosanoids made, and other effects are elicited by eicosanoid-independent mechanisms, including actions upon intracellular signaling pathways, transcription factor activity and gene expression. Animal experiments and clinical intervention studies indicate that omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties and, therefore, might be useful in the management of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Coronary heart disease, major depression, aging and cancer are characterized by an increased level of interleukin 1 (IL-1), a proinflammatory cytokine. Similarly, arthritis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and lupus erythematosis are autoimmune diseases characterized by a high level of IL-1 and the proinflammatory leukotriene LTB(4) produced by omega-6 fatty acids. There have been a number of clinical trials assessing the benefits of dietary supplementation with fish oils in several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases in humans, including rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis, lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis and migraine headaches. Many of the placebo-controlled trials of fish oil in chronic inflammatory diseases reveal significant benefit, including decreased disease activity and a lowered use of anti-inflammatory drugs. J Am Coll Nutr. 2002 Dec;21(6):495-505
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12480795
http://atvb.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/14/11/1829
http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=17300740
And I can keep going...
Clinical studies[1][84][85][86]indicate that the ingested ratio of ω−6 to ω−3 (especially Linoleic vs Alpha Linolenic) fatty acids is important to maintaining cardiovascular health.
Both ω−3 and ω−6 fatty acids are essential, i.e. humans must consume them in the diet. ω−3 and ω−6 compete for the same metabolic enzymes, thus the ω−6:ω−3 ratio will significantly influence the ratio of the ensuing eicosanoids (hormones), (e.g. prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes etc.), and will alter the body's metabolic function.[87]Generally, grass-fed animals accumulate more ω−3 than do grain-fed animals which accumulate relatively more ω−6. Metabolites of ω−6 are significantly more inflammatory (esp. arachidonic acid) than those of ω−3. This necessitates that ω−3 and ω−6 be consumed in a balanced proportion; healthy ratios of ω−6:ω−3 range from 1:1 to 4:1.[88][89] Studies suggest that the evolutionary human diet, rich in seafood and other sources of ω−3, may have provided such a ratio.[84][90] recommend daily intakes of three ω−3 forms: 650 mg of EPA and DHA, and 2.22 grams of ALA, and one ω−6 form: 4.44 grams of LA. This translates to a 3:2 ω−6 to ω−3 ratio. (i.e. 1.5:1)
Typical Western diets provide ratios of between 10:1 and 30:1 - i.e., dramatically skewed toward ω−6.[91] Here are the ratios of ω−6 to ω−3 fatty acids in some common oils: canola 2:1, soybean 7:1, olive 3–13:1, sunflower (no ω−3), flax 1:3[92] cottonseed (almost no ω−3), peanut (no ω−3), grapeseed oil (almost no ω−3) and corn oil 46 to 1 ratio of ω−6 to ω−3.[93] It should be noted that olive, peanut and canola oils consist of approximately 80% monounsaturated fatty acids, (i.e. neither ω−6 nor ω−3) meaning that they contain relatively small amounts of ω−3 and ω−6 fatty acids. Consequently, the ω−6 to ω−3 ratios for these oils (i.e. olive, canola and peanut oils) are not as significant as they are for corn, soybean and sunflower oils.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omega-3_fatty_acid
Took 2 seconds, right from WIKI. Didn't even need to both to post links to the several comphrensive review articles or the primary paper.
Both Omen and Throttle were suggesting this answer.
Quote by Drum&Bass "thats fine if you've always had a good immune system but taking in a lot of fish oil reduces how effective it is. I don't wanna say weaken, but its pretty much the same effect. Lots of fish oil has the same effect of weakening the immune system."
What exactly does that mean? Suggestion that you read the chapter on immune function in Campbell General Undegraduate BiologyTextbook or similar. Focus in on cytokines...
Googled: omega3 and cytokines. first entry:
Omega-3 fatty acids in inflammation and autoimmune diseases.Simopoulos AP.
The Center for Genetics, Nutrition and Health, Washington, DC 20009, USA. cgnh@bellatlantic.net
Among the fatty acids, it is the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) which possess the most potent immunomodulatory activities, and among the omega-3 PUFA, those from fish oil-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)--are more biologically potent than alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). Some of the effects of omega-3 PUFA are brought about by modulation of the amount and types of eicosanoids made, and other effects are elicited by eicosanoid-independent mechanisms, including actions upon intracellular signaling pathways, transcription factor activity and gene expression. Animal experiments and clinical intervention studies indicate that omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties and, therefore, might be useful in the management of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Coronary heart disease, major depression, aging and cancer are characterized by an increased level of interleukin 1 (IL-1), a proinflammatory cytokine. Similarly, arthritis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and lupus erythematosis are autoimmune diseases characterized by a high level of IL-1 and the proinflammatory leukotriene LTB(4) produced by omega-6 fatty acids. There have been a number of clinical trials assessing the benefits of dietary supplementation with fish oils in several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases in humans, including rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis, lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis and migraine headaches. Many of the placebo-controlled trials of fish oil in chronic inflammatory diseases reveal significant benefit, including decreased disease activity and a lowered use of anti-inflammatory drugs. J Am Coll Nutr. 2002 Dec;21(6):495-505
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12480795
http://atvb.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/14/11/1829
http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=17300740
And I can keep going...
*knock on wood*. I also make sure to take them AFTER a meal.. not on an empty stomach.