I'm not american and I know the process only superficially, I tought you were gonna vote on november 3rd but I read on other forums about people voting already through mail, did I got it right?
Also when will the result will come out?
Ok, this is how it works.
When do Americans vote?
November 3rd is election day
Each state has its own voting laws. Some are allowing mail-in ballots without an absentee excuse. Others also allow early voting in person. On November 3rd every state and precinct will have open in person voting.
What will Americans vote on?
All voters will vote on the Presidential race and their Representative for Congress. Some will vote on Senator. Some locations will also vote on local elections. In my state voters in 4 cities will also vote on whether to allow a casino in their city.
What is the Electoral College?
The Electoral College actually elects the President. Voters are actually determining which electoral college delegates will be selected. Example: Virginia has 13 electoral votes. So a voter in Virginia will vote either Trump/Pence, Biden/Harris, etc. If Trump receives 1.3 million votes in Virginia and Biden receives 1.2 million votes then Trump wins Virginia's electoral votes. Thirteen delegates pledged to vote Trump would be selected, basically.
That is why "battleground" states matter. A candidate needs 270 electoral votes to win. States like Florida can go either way and have a lot of electoral votes due to its population size.
When will we know who won?
Usually election night or the following morning. It could go like the 2000 election though. The election was so close that there was a fight over some incorrectly completed ballots in Florida. We didn't know whether Bush or Gore won for weeks.