Shorty,
Maybe it was "playground stuff," and maybe it wasn't. Although I've been on this site for quite a long time, I've never found the single-minded belief that direct "confrontation," if you will, is always the best approach. There are times to be direct, and there are times to be indirect. It all depends on the image you want to project to others.
As an extreme example, let's take the President of the United States. If George wants to see a member of his cabinet, it's very unlikely that he's going to pick up the phone in the White House himself and call the cabinet member. Rather, the George will use an intermediary to make his "desire" known (e.g., his secretary). If George called directly, he would be putting himself on the same level as others who are clearly below him in the political strata.
So looking at your situation, if his friend was otherwise occupied (left the bar or was busy with something else), then relaying the number to you indirectly wouldn't necessarily be an unreasonable proposition. On the other hand, if the guy whose number you were given was standing only 20 to 30 feet away and used his friend to approach you, that would be childish and immature.
Overall, I think you overreacted a bit. You simply could have said "I don't take numbers of men I haven't met." If the friend then pointed out his buddy on the other side of the bar, then I think you would be justified in being indignant.